Very little importance seems to be placed on pragmatics or written and spoken functional language in most coursebooks. Your C1 students might have mastered mixed conditionals and every inversion under the sun, but they still struggle to engage in small talk or compose simple everyday emails without sounding stilted and unnatural. This session will look at ways we can help develop students’ communicative competence by exposing them to real-life written and spoken interactions in order to help them find their own, more natural voices.